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Order: ANURA
Information about frogs & toads.
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Order: CAUDATA
Information about salamanders.
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Order: GYMNOPHIONA
Information about caecilians.
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caecilian
Gymnophiona Database Entries (only entries with information or photos)
The order Gymnophiona is comprised of caecilians. Caecilians are unusual amphibians possessing reduced tails, with the exception of the family Ichthyophiidae, reduced eyes, segmented skin with tiny scales, powerful heads for burrowing, and acute olfactory systems. Caecilians actually resemble giant earthworms, rather than typical amphibians. Caecilians are found throughout most of northeast South America, a few patches in southeast Africa, and much of southern Asia.

 
Caeciliidae (Rafinesque, 1814) Common Caecilians
Subfamily Caeciliinae (Rafinesque, 1814) Common Caecilians
   
Genus Dermophis (Peters, 1880) Mexican Caecilians
  Dermophis mexicanus Mexican Burrowing Caecilian
   
Genus Geotrypetes (Peters, 1880) West African Caecilians
 

Geotrypetes seraphini

Congo Caecilian
   
Genus Herpele (Peters, 1879) Congo Caecilians
 

Herpele squalostoma

Congo Caecilian
   
Subfamily Typhlonectinae (Taylor, 1968) Aquatic Caecilians
   
Genus Potomotyphlus (Taylor, 1968) Kaup's Caecilians
  Potomotyphlus kaupii Kaup's Caecilian
   
Genus Typhlonectes (Peters, 1880) Aquatic Caecilians
  Typhlonectes natans Rio Cauca Caecilian
   
Family Ichthyophiidae (Taylor, 1968) Fish Caecilians
Genus Ichthyophis (Fitzinger, 1826) Asian Caecilians
  Ichthyophis bannanicus Bannan Caecilian
  Ichthyophis kahtaoensis Koa Tao Island Caecilian
    
  

Amphibian Taxonomy References

AmphibiaWeb (2003). http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: 2001-2003).

Beltz, Ellin (2003). North American Reptile and Amphibian Names. Ellin Beltz. http://ebeltz.net/herps/etyhome.html (Accessed: 2001).

Center for North American Herpetology (2003). http://www.cnah.org/ (Accessed: 2000).

Collins, Joseph T. Standard Common and Scientific Names for North American Amphibians & Reptiles (3rd ed.). Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles (SSAR), 1990.

Duellman, W.E. and L. Trueb. Biology of Amphibians. McGraw Hill, New York, 1986.

Fowler, Henry W. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, 1906 - With A Report of the Amphibians and Reptiles of New Jersey and a Supplement to the Fishes of New Jersey. Trenton, New Jersey State Museum, 1906.

Frank, Norman, and E. Ramus. Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles & Amphibians of the World. N.G. Publishing, 1996.

Frost, Darrel. R. Amphibian Species of the World. Allen Press and the Association of Systematics Collections. Lawrence, KS, 1985.

Frost, Darrel R. (2004). Amphibian Species of the World 3.0. American Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php (Accessed: 2004).

Halliday, Tim R., and Kraig Adler (editors). The New Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians. Facts on File, New York, 2002.

Jordan, David S. A Manual of Vertebrates of the Northern United States Including the District East of the Mississippi River and North of North Carolina and Tennessee, Exclusive to Marine Species. Chicago, 1878.

Larson, Allan. 1991. A molecular perspective on the evolutionary relationships of the salamander families. Evolutionary Biology 25: 211-277.

Larson, Allan (2004). Terrestrial Vertebrates. Tree of Life Web Project. http://www.tolweb.org/tree?group=terrestrial_vertebrates. (Accessed: 2004).

Schleich, Hermann H., and Werner Kastle (editors). Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. Koeltz, Koningstein, 2002.

Stebbins, Robert. Western Reptiles & Amphibians (3rd ed.). Houghton Mifflin Co., 2003.

Titus, T.A. and A. Larson. 1995. A molecular phylogenetic perspective on the evolutionary radiation of the salamander family Salamandridae. Systematic Biology 44: 125-151.

 

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