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salamandroidea, cryptobranchoidea,
amphibian database, amphibian species, salamander, salamanders, newts, newt, caudata, caudate,
anura, anuran, fire belly newt, fire belly toad, biodiversity, conservation, amphibian,
amphibians, ambystomatidae, ambystoma, amphiumidae, amphiuma, cryptobranchidae, dicamptodontidae,
hynobiidae, proteidae, plethodontidae, rhyacotritonidae, salamandridae, sirenidae, siren, cynops, pachytriton,
paramesotriton, tylototriton
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Salamandridae
(Goldfuss, 1820) Newts & True Salamanders
 Newts are small to medium sized, semi-aquatic. They are distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere in
temperate-warm areas of North America, Asia, Eurasia, Russia, Middle East, Europe, northern India, and the extreme
northern tip of Africa. A common characteristic of newts is the
development of secondary sexual characteristics during the breeding
season. Triturus males are perhaps the most noted for this, as many species develop large dorsal crests, webbed toes,
bright or iridescent coloration, and large tail fins. Other genera may
develop lighter coloration, bluish sheens, smooth skin, cornified nuptial
pads, threads at the tip of the tail, or laterally compressed tail fins.
True salamanders historically only
included the genus Salamandra, but now is commonly applied to
all non-newt species in the family. Those of the genus Salamandra
are called "true salamanders" simply because
they were classed early on and are now used as models for contrasting
the physical appearances of the various caudate species. Physically,
the historic true salamanders can be thought of as the
epitome of a salamander, with proportional limbs, tail, and head.
When including all non-newt species, true salamanders are oviparous, with
the exception of those viviparous or ovoviviparous species in the genera Salamandra
and LyciaSalamandra. The true salamanders, again when
including all non-newt species, may enter bodies of water only
seasonally, whereas many newt species remain largely aquatic
year-round.
All members of the family Salamandridae are toxic
to varying degrees; the most toxic species is Taricha granulosa,
the rough-skinned newt...more
about Salamandridae.
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Genus Calotriton (Gray, 1858) Gold Striped
Salamander
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Calotriton arnoldi |
Montseny Brook
Salamander |
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Calotriton asper |
Pyrenean Brook
Salamander |
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| Genus Chioglossa (Bocage, 1864) Gold Striped
Salamander
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| Genus Cynops (Tschudi, 1839) Fire Belly Newts
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| Genus Echinotriton (Nussbaum and Brodie,
1982) Crocodile Salamanders
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Genus Euproctus (Gene, 1838) Brook Salamanders
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Euproctus
montanus |
Corsican Brook
Salamander |
| none |
Euproctus platycephalus |
Sardinian Brook
Salamander |
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| Genus Lissotriton (Bell, 1839) European Newts
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| Genus Lyciasalamandra (Veith & Steinfartz,
2004)
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| none |
Lyciasalamandra anatlyana |
unknown |
| none |
Lyciasalamandra atifi |
unknown |
| none |
Lyciasalamandra billae |
unknown |
| none |
Lyciasalamandra fizilae |
unknown |
| none |
Lyciasalamandra flavimembris |
unknown |
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Lyciasalamandra
helverseni |
unknown |
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Lyciasalamandra
luschani |
Luschan's/Lycian
Salamander |
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| Genus Mertensiella (Wolterstorff, 1925)
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| Genus Mesotriton (Bolkay, 1927) Alpine Newts
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| Genus Neurergus (Cope, 1862) Spotted Newts
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| Genus Notophthalmus (Rafinesque, 1820) Eastern Newts
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| Genus Ommatotriton (Gray, 1850) Banded Newts |
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| Genus Pachytriton (Boulenger, 1878) Paddle-Tail Newts
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| Genus Paramesotriton (Chang, 1935) Warty Newts
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| Genus Pleurodeles (Michahelles, 1830) Ribbed Newts
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| Genus Salamandra (Laurenti, 1768) Fire Salamanders
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| Genus Salamandrina (Fitzinger, 1826) Spectacled
Salamanders
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| Genus Taricha (Gray, 1850) Western Newts
/ Pacific Newts
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| Genus Triturus (Rafinesque, 1815) European Newts
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| Genus Tylototriton (Anderson, 1871) Crocodile Newts
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Amphibian Taxonomy References
AmphibiaWeb (2003). http://amphibiaweb.org/.
(Accessed: 2001-2003).
Beltz, Ellin (2003). North American Reptile and Amphibian Names. Ellin
Beltz. http://ebeltz.net/herps/etyhome.html
(Accessed: 2001).
Center for North American Herpetology (2003). http://www.cnah.org/
(Accessed: 2000).
Collins, Joseph T. Standard Common and Scientific Names for
North American Amphibians & Reptiles (3rd ed.). Society for
the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles (SSAR), 1990.
Duellman, W.E. and L. Trueb. Biology of Amphibians. McGraw
Hill, New York, 1986.
Fowler, Henry W. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum,
1906 - With A Report of the Amphibians and Reptiles of New Jersey
and a Supplement to the Fishes of New Jersey. Trenton, New
Jersey State Museum, 1906.
Frank, Norman, and E. Ramus. Complete Guide to Scientific and
Common Names of Reptiles & Amphibians of the World. N.G.
Publishing, 1996.
Frost, Darrel. R. Amphibian Species of the World. Allen
Press and the Association of Systematics Collections. Lawrence, KS,
1985.
Frost, Darrel R. (2004). Amphibian Species of the World 3.0. American
Museum of Natural History. http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php
(Accessed: 2004).
Halliday, Tim R., and Kraig Adler (editors). The New
Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians. Facts on File, New
York, 2002.
Jordan, David S. A Manual of Vertebrates of the Northern
United States Including the District East of the Mississippi River
and North of North Carolina and Tennessee, Exclusive to Marine
Species. Chicago, 1878.
Larson, Allan. 1991. A molecular perspective on the evolutionary
relationships of the salamander families. Evolutionary Biology
25: 211-277.
Larson, Allan (2004). Terrestrial Vertebrates. Tree of Life Web
Project. http://www.tolweb.org/tree?group=terrestrial_vertebrates.
(Accessed: 2004).
Schleich, Hermann H., and Werner Kastle (editors). Amphibians
and Reptiles of Nepal. Koeltz, Koningstein, 2002.
Stebbins, Robert. Western Reptiles & Amphibians (3rd ed.).
Houghton Mifflin Co., 2003.
Titus, T.A. and A. Larson. 1995. A molecular phylogenetic
perspective on the evolutionary radiation of the salamander family
Salamandridae. Systematic Biology 44: 125-151. |
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