Anuran taxonomy is rather chaotic at times. There are often disagreements as to the legitimacy of certain taxon, from subspecies level all the way up to the family level. In addition, new species are discovered quite frequently in the wild, at least compared to many other animal orders. Our abilities to analyze species at the molecular level are becoming sharper as time goes on, which often results in the re-classification of existing species. 

For more information about each caudate family and the taxonomic model, see the Caudate Families, and the Taxonomic Model. For information about Taxonomy, the Linnaean System of Classification, and Cladistics, see article 0012 - Introduction to Systematics & Taxonomy.

Ascaphidae (Fejervary, 1923) Tailed Frogs

Genus Ascaphus (Stejneger, 1899) Tailed Frogs   Ascaphus truei   Tailed Frog

Bombinatoridae (Gray, 1825) Fire Belly Toads

Genus Bombina (Oken, 1816) Fire Belly Toads

Bombina orientalis  Oriental Fire Belly Toad     Bombina pachypus   Appenine Yellow Bellied Toad   Bombina variegata   Yellow Bellied Toad

Bufonidae (Gray, 1825) True Toads

Genus Ansonia (Stoliczka, 1870) Stream Toads   Ansonia longidigita Long-Fingered Stream Toad

Genus Atelopus (Duméril & Bibron, 1841)   Atelopus spumarius Harlequin Toad

Genus Bufo (Laurenti, 1768) True Toads

Bufo alvarius  Colorado River Toad   Bufo americanus  American Toad   Bufo asper Asian Giant Toad   Bufo baxteri  Wyoming Toad   Bufo biporcatus   Indonesian Toad   Bufo boreas   Western Toad   Bufo bufo   Common Toad   Bufo calamita   Natterjack Toad   Bufo cognatus Great Plains Toad   Bufo coniferus  Green Climbing Toad   Bufo debilis  Green Toad   Bufo fenoulheti Fenoulhet's Toad   Bufo gargarizans  Asiatic Toad   Bufo garmani Garman's Toad   Bufo granulosus Granular Toad   Bufo guttatus  Smooth-Sided Toad   Bufo haematiticus Smooth-Skinned Toad   Bufo hemiophrys  Canadian Toad   Bufo houstonensis   Houston Toad    Bufo japonicus Japanese Toad   Bufo marinus  Cane Toad, Marine Toad   Bufo melanostictus  Asian Black-Spined Toad   Bufo microscaphus  Arizona Toad   Bufo nebulifer    Coastal Plain Toad   Bufo paracnemis  unknown   Bufo pentoni Penton's Toad   Bufo punctatus  Red-Spotted Toad   Bufo quercicus   Oak Toad    Bufo regularis Egyptian Toad   Bufo retiformis     Sonoran Green Toad    Bufo speciosus   Texas Toad    Bufo terrestris    Southern Toad   Bufo torrenticola        Ohdaigahara Toad   Bufo valliceps  Gulf Coast Toad   Bufo viridis   European Green Toad   Bufo woodhousii  Woodhouse's Toad

Genus Leptophryne (Fitzinger, 1843)   Leptophryne borbonica Dwarf Tree Frog   Leptophryne cruentata Painted Dwarf Tree Frog

Genus Melanophryniscus (Gallardo, 1961)

Melanophryniscus stelzneri  Bumble Bee Toad

Genus Pedostibes (Günther, 1875)   Pedostibes hosii Tree Toad, Brown Tree Toad

Genus Pelophryne (Barbour, 1938) Dwarf Toads   Pelophryne signata unknown

Genus Schismaderma (Smith, 1849)   Schismaderma carens Red Toad

Dendrobatidae (Cope, 1865) Poison Frogs, Dart Frogs

Genus Colostethus (Cope, 1866)

Colostethus nubicola   Boquete Rocket Frog

Genus Dendrobates (Wagler, 1830)

Dendrobates auratus   Green & Black Poison Frog   Dendrobates azureus  Blue Poison Frog     Dendrobates castaneoticus   Brazil Nut Poison Frog   Dendrobates galactonotus   Splash-backed Poison Frog   Dendrobates granuliferus  Granular Poison Frog     Dendrobates histrionicus  Harlequin Poison Frog     Dendrobates imitator Imitator/Mimic Poison Frog   Dendrobates lamasi  Pasco Poison Frog   Dendrobates lehmanni  Lehmann's Poison Frog   Dendrobates leucomelas  Yellow-banded Poison Frog   Dendrobates pumilio  Strawberry Poison Frog   Dendrobates reticulatus  Red-backed Poison Frog   Dendrobates tinctorius  Dyeing Poison Frog    Dendrobates truncatus  Yellow-striped Poison Frog     Dendrobates ventrimaculatus  Amazonian Poison Frog

Genus Epipedobates (Myers, 1987)

Epipedobates bassleri   Pleasing Poison Frog   Epipedobates hahneli Brilliant Thighed Poison Frog   Epipedobates silverstonei   Silverstone's Poison Frog   Epipedobates tricolor   Phantasmal Poison Frog   Epipedobates trivittatus   Three-Striped Poison Frog   Epipedobates zaparo   Sanguine Poison Frog

Genus Mannophryne (La Marca, 1992)

Mannyphryne herminae   Hermina's Poison Frog

Genus Phyllobates (Bibron, 1841)

Phyllobates aurotaenia   Kokoe Poison Frog   Phyllobates bicolor Black Legged Poison Frog   Phyllobates lugubris Lovely Poison Frog   Phyllobates terribilis   Golden Poison Frog   Phyllobates vittatus   Golfo dulcean Poison Frog

Discoglossidae (Günther, 1859) Disc-Tongued Frogs

Genus Alytes (Wagler, 1830) Midwife Toads

Alytes obstetricans   Midwife Toad

Genus Discoglossus (Otth, 1837) Painted Frogs

Discoglossus pictus   Painted Frog   Discoglossus sardus Turrhenian/Sardinia Painted F.

Hylidae (Rafinesque, 1815) Tree Frogs

Genus Acris (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) Cricket Frogs

Acris crepitans  Northern Cricket Frog   Acris gryllus  Southern Cricket Frog

Genus Agalychnis (Cope, 1864) Leaf Frogs, Treefrogs

Agalychnis callidryas  Red-Eyed Treefrog/Leaf Frog

Genus Gastrotheca (Fitzinger, 1843)

Gastrotheca marsupiata  Marsupial Frog   Gastrotheca walkeri Walker's Marsupial Frog

Genus Hyla (Laurenti, 1758) Treefrogs

Hyla albopunctata        Unknown   Hyla andersonii    Pine Barrens Treefrog   Hyla arborea  European Green Treefrog   Hyla arenicolor  Canyon Treefrog   Hyla avivoca  Bird-Voiced Treefrog   Hyla boans Gladiator Treefrog   Hyla calcarata  Blue Flanked Treefrog   Hyla chinensis  Common Chinese Treefrog   Hyla chrysoscelis  Cope's Gray Treefrog   Hyla cinerea  Green Treefrog   Hyla crepitans Rattle-Voiced Treefrog   Hyla femoralis  Pine Woods Treefrog   Hyla geographica Map Treefrog   Hyla gratiosa  Barking Treefrog     Hyla intermedia Italian Treefrog   Hyla leucophyllata Yellow Cricket Treefrog   Hyla microcephala Yellow Cricket Treefrog   Hyla nana   unknown   Hyla punctata   Spotted Treefrog   Hyla rufitela   Red-Webbed Treefrog   Hyla sarda Sardinian Treefrog   Hyla squirella  Squirrel Treefrog   Hyla versicolor  Gray Treefrog

Genus Litoria (Tschudi, 1838)

Litoria caerulea  White's Treefrog   Litoria infrafrenata  White-lipped Treefrog   Litoria rubella Desert Treefrog

Genus Osteocephalus (Steinhachner, 1862)   Osteocephalus leprieurii Cayenne Slender-Legged ...

Genus Osteopilus (Fitzinger, 1843)

Osteopilus dominicensis Hispaniolan Common Treefrog   Osteopilus septentrionalis  Cuban Treefrog

Genus Pachymedusa (Duellman, 1968)   Pachymedusa dacnicolor Mexican Leaf Frog

Genus Phyllomedusa (Wagler, 1830)

Phyllomdusa bicolor  Giant Waxy Monkey Treefrog   Phyllomdusa boliviana  unknown   Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis Tigerleg Treefrog   Phyllomedusa sauvagii Waxy Monkey Treefrog

Genus Phrynohyas (Fitzinger, 1843)   Phrynohyas resinitictrix  Amazonian Milk Fog   Phrynohyas venulosa  Veined Treefrog

Genus Pseudacris (Fitzinger, 1843)

Pseudacris brachyphona   St. Chorus Frog   Pseudacris brimleyi   Brimley's Chorus Frog   Pseudacris clarkii  Spotted Chorus Frog   Pseudacris crucifer    Spring Peeper   Pseudacris feriarum   Upland Chorus Frog     Pseudacris illinoensis   Illinois Chorus Frog   Pseudacris maculata   Boreal Chorus Frog   Pseudacris nigrita   Southern Chorus Frog   Pseudacris ocularis   Little Grass Frog   Pseudacris ornata  Ornate Chorus Frog   Pseudacris (Hyla) regilla Pacific Treefrog   Pseudacris streckeri   Strecker's Chorus Frog   Pseudacris triseriata   Western Chorus Frog

Genus Pternohyla (Boulenger, 1882)

Pternohyla fodiens   Lowland Burrowing Treefrog

Genus Scinax (Wagler, 1830)   Scinax boulengeri  Boulenger's Snouted Treefrog   Scinax elaeochroa  Narrow-Headed Treefrog   Scinax ruber  Red-Snouted Treefrog

Genus Smilisca (Cope, 1865)

Smilisca baudinii   Mexican Treefrog

Genus Sphaenorhynchus (Tschudi, 1838)   Sphaenorhynchus lacteus Greater Hatchet Faced Tre...

Genus Triprion (Cope, 1866)   Triprion petasatus  Yucatan Casque Headed Tr...

Hyperoliidae (Laurent, 1943) African Reed Frogs

Genus Affrixalus (Laurent, 1944)   Afrixalus dorsalis Striped Spiny Reed Frog

Genus Heterixalus (Laurent, 1944)   Heterixalus betsileo unknown   Heterixalus boettgeri unknown   Heterixalus luteostriatus unknown   Heterixalus madagascariensis Blue Back Frog   Heterixalus rutenbergi Madagascan Lined Frog

Genus Hyperolius (Rapp, 1842) Reed Frogs

Hyperolius argus Argus Reed Frog   Hyperolius marmoratus Painted / Marbled Reed Frog   Hyperolius puncticulatus Golden Sedge Frog   Hyperolius pusillus Transparent Reed Frog   Hyperolius semidiscus Yellow Striped Reed Frog

Genus Kassina (Girard, 1853)   Kassina maculata Red Legged Pan Frog

Genus Leptopelis (Laurent, 1973) Ornate Frogs

Leptopelis barbouri Barbour's Treefrog   Leptopelis christyi Christy's Treefrog   Leptopelis flavomaculatus  Ornate  Treefrog   Leptopelis uluguruensis  unknown   Leptopelis vermiculatus  Emerald / Tanzanian Treefrog

Leptodactylidae (Berg, 1838) Southern Frogs, Neotropical Frogs

Genus Ceratophrys (Wied, 1824)

Ceratophrys cornuta Horned Frog   Ceratophrys cranwelli Chacoan Horned Frog   Ceratophrys ornata Argentine Horned Frog

Genus Eleutherodactylus (Duméril & Bibron) Eleuths

Eleutherodactylus abbotti Tuck Weep Eleuth   Eleutherodactylus antillensis   Antillean Frog, Churí Coquí   Eleutherodactylus augusti  Barking Frog   Eleutherodactylus cochranae   Whistling Frog   Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides   Rio Grande Chirping Frog    Eleutherodactylus flavescens Yellow Split Toed Eleuth   Eleutherodactylus inoptatus Hispaniolan Giant Eleuth   Eleutherodactylus marnockii   Cliff Chirping Frog    Eleutherodactylus weinlandi unknown

Genus Lepidobatrachus (Budgett, 1899)   Lepidobatrachus laevis Budgett's Frog

Genus Leptodactylus (Fitzinger, 1826)

Leptodactylus laticeps Red Spotted Burrowing Toad

Genus Odontophrynus (Reinhardt & Lutken, 1862)

Odontophrynus lavillai unknown

Genus Telmatobius (Wiegmann, 1835)

Telmatobius culeus Lake Titicaca Frog

Mantellidae (Laurent, 1946) Mantella

Subfamily Boophinae (Vences & Glaw, 2001)

Genus Boophis (Tschudi, 1838)

Boophis albilabris White Lipped Treefrog   Boophis boehmei unknown   Boophis idae unknown   Boophis microtympanum unknown

Subfamily Mantellinae (Laurent, 1946)

Genus Mantella (Boulenger, 1882)

Mantella betsileo Betsileo Mantella, Brown M...   Mantella crocea Yellow Mantella   Mantella expectata Blue Legged Mantella   Mantella laevigata Green Climbing Mantella   Mantella madagascariensis Painted Mantella   Mantella milotympanum Black Eared Mantella   Mantella pulchra Splendid Mantella   Mantella viridis Green Mantella

Genus Mantidactylus (Boulenger, 1895)

Mantidactylus pulcher Malagasy Glass Frog

Megophryidae (Noble, 1931) Asian Toads, Litter Frogs

Genus Brachytarsophrys (Tian & Hu, 1983)

Brachytarsophrys carinensis unknown

Genus Leptobrachium (Tshudi, 1838)

Leptobrachium abbotti unknown   Leptobrachium hendricksoni Malayan Leaf Litter Frog

Genus Megophrys (Kuhn & van Hasselt, 1822)

Megophrys ligayae unknown   Megophrys montana Malaysian Horned Frog   Megophrys nasuta  Malaysian Horned Frog

Genus Vibrissaphora (Liu, 1945)

Vibrissaphora leishanensis Leishan Moustache Toad

Microhylidae (Günther, 1858) Narrow-Mouthed Toads

Subfamily Brevicipitinae (Bonaprte, 1850)

Genus Breviceps (Merrem, 1820)   Breviceps mossambicus Mozambique Rain Frog   Breviceps adspersus Common Rain Frog

Subfamily Microhylinae (Günther, 1858)

Genus Dermatonotus (Mehely, 1904)

Dermatonotus mulleri Muller's Termite Frog

Genus Gastrophryne (Fitzinger, 1743)

Gastrophryne carolinensis  E. Narrow-Mouthed Toad    Gastrophryne olivacea  Great Plains Narrow-Mouthed

Genus Glyphoglossus (Gunther, 1868)   Glyphoglossus molossus unknown

Genus Hypopachus (Keferstein, 1867)

Hypopachus variolosus    Sheep Frog