Complete Anuran Species Database

Anuran taxonomy is rather chaotic at times. There are often disagreements as to the legitimacy of certain taxon, from subspecies level all the way up to the family level. In addition, new species are discovered quite frequently in the wild, at least compared to many other animal orders. Our abilities to analyze species at the molecular level are becoming sharper as time goes on, which often results in the re-classification of existing species. 

For more information about each caudate family and the taxonomic model, see the Caudate Families, and the Taxonomic Model. For information about Taxonomy, the Linnaean System of Classification, and Cladistics, see article 0012 - Introduction to Systematics & Taxonomy.

Amphibia (Linnaeus, 1758); Amphibians / Batrachians

Anura (Merrem, 1820); Anuran, Frogs

Archaeobatrachia (Reig, 1958); Suborder/Suprafamily, ancient or primitive frogs

Ascaphidae (Fejervary, 1923) Bell Toads, Tailed Frogs Leiopelmatidae (Mivart, 1869) New Zealand Frogs Bombinatoridae (Gray, 1825) Fire Belly Toads Discoglossidae (Günther, 1858) Disc-Tongued Frogs, Painted Frogs

Mesobatrachia (Laurent, 1980); Suborder/Suprafamily, intermediate Frogs

Megophryidae (Bonaparte, 1850) Asian Toads, Litter Frogs Pelobatidae (Bonaparte, 1850) Spadefoot Toads Pelodytidae (Bonaparte, 1850) Parsley Frogs Pipidae (Gray, 1825) Tongueless Frogs, Clawed Frogs Rhinophrynidae (Burrowing Toad, 1 species)

Neobatrachia (Reig, 1958); Suborder/Suprafamily, higher frogs

Allophrynidae (Goin, Goin, and Zug, 1978) Tukeit Hill Frogs Arthroleptidae (Mivart, 1869) Subsaharan Frogs Brachycephalidae (Günther, 1858) Saddleback Toads Bufonidae (Gray, 1825) True Toads Centrolenidae (Taylor, 1951) Glass Frogs Dendrobatidae (Cope, 1865) Poison Frogs Heleophrynidae (Noble, 1931) Ghost Frogs Hemisotidae (Cope, 1867) Shovelnose Frogs Hylidae (Rafinesque, 1815) Treefrogs Hyperoliidae (Laurent, 1943) African Reed Frogs Leptodactylidae (Werner, 1896) Southern Frogs, Tropical Frogs Limnodynastidae (Lynch, 1969) Australian Ground Frogs Mantellidae (Laurent, 1946) Mantella Microhylidae (Günther, 1858) Narrow-Mouthed Frogs Myobatrachidae (Schlegel In Gray, 1850) Australian Water Frogs Nasikabatrachidae (Biju & Bossuyt, 2003) Indian Frogs Petropedetidae (Noble, 1931) Pseudidae (South American Aquatic Frogs, 9 species) Ranidae (Rafinesque, 1814) True Frogs Rhacophoridae (Hoffman, 1932) Flying Frogs, Old World Treefrogs Rheobatrachidae (Heyer & Liem, 1976) Rhinodermatidae (Mouth-Brooding Frogs , 2 species) Scaphiopodidae (Cope, 1865) North American Spadefoot Toads Sooglossidae (Noble, 1931) Seychelles Frogs

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Duellman, William, and Linda Trueb. Biology of Amphibians. Johns Hopkins University Pr., 1994.

Ford, L.S., and D.C. Cannatella. 1993. The major clades of frogs. Herpetological Monographs 7: 94-117.

Green, David M, Stanley K. Sessions. Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution. Academic Press, 1997.

Griffiths, Richard A. Newts and Salamanders of Europe. San Diego, CA: Academic Press Inc., 1996.

Larson, Allan. (1996). Caudata. Tree of Life Web Project.
http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Caudata&contgroup=Living_Amphibians. (Accessed: 2003).

Milner, A.R. 1988. The relationships and origins of living amphibians. Pp. 59-102 In M. J. Benton (Ed.), The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. Oxford University Press, Oxford.